What is the hierarchy of charting systems?

The hierarchy of charting systems involves understanding how different systems are organized and interact in navigation. The choice that indicates "Electronic Charting and Integrated Navigation System, ECS, SINS" aligns with the correct structures and nomenclature that are employed in maritime navigation.

Electronic Charting Systems (ECS) facilitate the use of electronic navigation charts, enhancing situational awareness for navigators. Integrated Navigation Systems (INS) represent a more comprehensive approach, bringing together various navigational inputs and systems, effectively integrating them into a singular framework that supports decision-making on board vessels.

SINS, or Ship's Integrated Navigation System, is a critical component in this hierarchy; it encapsulates advanced functionalities, including radar, AIS, and other sources of navigational data within the framework of a vessel’s integrated systems.

In this context, the mention of ECS aligns with the expansive range of electronic charting systems, while SINS emphasizes the integration aspect. Therefore, the correct hierarchical designation recognizes the significance and functionalities of Electronic Charting and Integrated Navigation Systems as the foundational elements in modern maritime navigation.